Myelofibrosis is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the buildup of scar tissue in the bone marrow, leading to decreased erythropoiesis, progressive bone marrow failure, and anemia. Currently, the discovery of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway's role in the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis is transforming the landscape with novel agents that improve patients' outcomes. However, correctly diagnosing and managing this disease using novel therapies and strategies remains challenging for clinicians.